为什么需要搭建Nginx集群?为了防止Nginx单点故障造成服务器瘫痪,本文介绍了Nginx实现高可用集群构建(Keepalived+Haproxy+Nginx),感兴趣的可以了解一下

1、组件及实现的功能

Keepalived:实现对Haproxy服务的高可用,并采用双主模型配置;

Haproxy:实现对Nginx的负载均衡和读写分离;

Nginx:实现对HTTP请求的高速处理;

2、架构设计图

Nginx实现高可用集群构建(Keepalived+Haproxy+Nginx)(nginx集群高可用方案)  Nginx 高可用集群 高可用 第1张

3、Keepalived部署

在两个节点上都需要执行安装keepalived,命令如下:

$ yum -y install keepalived

 修改 172.16.25.109 节点上 keepalived.conf 文件配置,命令如下

$ vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

修改后的内容如下:

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
         root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from admin@lnmmp.com
   smtp_connect_timeout 3
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_maintaince_down {
   script "[[ -f /etc/keepalived/down ]] && exit 1 || exit 0"
   interval 1
   weight 2
}
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
    script "killall -0 haproxy"
    interval 1
    weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    interface eth0
    state MASTER
    priority 100
    virtual_router_id 125
    garp_master_delay 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1e3459f77aba4ded
    }
    track_interface {
       eth0
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.16.25.10/16 dev eth0 label eth0:0
    }
    track_script {
        chk_haproxy
    }
    notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master 172.16.25.10"
    notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup 172.16.25.10"
    notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault 172.16.25.10"
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
    interface eth0
    state BACKUP
    priority 99
    virtual_router_id 126
    garp_master_delay 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 7615c4b7f518cede
    }
    track_interface {
       eth0
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.16.25.11/16 dev eth0 label eth0:1
    }
    track_script {
        chk_haproxy
chk_maintaince_down
    }
    notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master 172.16.25.11"
    notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup 172.16.25.11"
    notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault 172.16.25.11"
}

同理修改 172.16.25.110 节点上 keepalived.conf 配置,内容如下:

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
         root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from admin@lnmmp.com
   smtp_connect_timeout 3
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_maintaince_down {
   script "[[ -f /etc/keepalived/down ]] && exit 1 || exit 0"
   interval 1
   weight 2
}
vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
    script "killall -0 haproxy"
    interval 1
    weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    interface eth0
    state BACKUP
    priority 99
    virtual_router_id 125
    garp_master_delay 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1e3459f77aba4ded
    }
    track_interface {
       eth0
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.16.25.10/16 dev eth0 label eth0:0
    }
    track_script {
        chk_haproxy
chk_maintaince_down
    }
    notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master 172.16.25.10"
    notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup 172.16.25.10"
    notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault 172.16.25.10"
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
    interface eth0
    state MASTER
    priority 100
    virtual_router_id 126
    garp_master_delay 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 7615c4b7f518cede
    }
    track_interface {
       eth0
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.16.25.11/16 dev eth0 label eth0:1
    }
    track_script {
        chk_haproxy
    }
    notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master 172.16.25.11"
    notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup 172.16.25.11"
    notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault 172.16.25.11"
}
# vi /etc/keepalived/notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Author: Jason.Yu <admin@lnmmp.com>
# description: An example of notify script
#
contact='root@localhost'
notify() {
    mailsubject="`hostname` to be $1: $2 floating"
    mailbody="`date '+%F %H:%M:%S'`: vrrp transition, `hostname` changed to be $1"
    echo $mailbody | mail -s "$mailsubject" $contact
}
case "$1" in
    master)
        notify master $2
        /etc/rc.d/init.d/haproxy restart
        exit 0
    ;;
    backup)
        notify backup $2 # 在节点切换成backup状态时,无需刻意停止haproxy服务,防止chk_maintaince和chk_haproxy多次对haproxy服务操作;
        exit 0
    ;;
    fault)
        notify fault $2 # 同上
        exit 0
    ;;
    *)
        echo 'Usage: `basename $0` {master|backup|fault}'
        exit 1
    ;;
esac

在两个节点上执行 keepalived 启动命令,命令如下:

  $ service keepalived start

Nginx实现高可用集群构建(Keepalived+Haproxy+Nginx)(nginx集群高可用方案)  Nginx 高可用集群 高可用 第2张

4、Haproxy部署

在两个节点上都需要执行安装 HAProxy,命令如下:

 $ yum -y install haproxy

修改 172.16.25.109 和 172.16.25.110 节点上 haproxy.cfg 文件配置(两节点配置文件内容一致),命令如下:

 $ vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

配置文件内容如下:

global
    log         127.0.0.1 local2
    chroot      /var/lib/haproxy
    pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     4000
    user         haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon # 以后台程序运行;
defaults
    mode                   http # 选择HTTP模式,即可进行7层过滤;
    log                     global
    option                  httplog # 可以得到更加丰富的日志输出;
    option                  dontlognull
    option http-server-close # server端可关闭HTTP连接的功能;
    option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 # 传递client端的IP地址给server端,并写入“X-Forward_for”首部中;
    option                  redispatch
    retries                 3
    timeout http-request    10s
    timeout queue           1m
    timeout connect         10s
    timeout client          1m
    timeout server          1m
    timeout http-keep-alive 10s
    timeout check           10s
    maxconn                 30000
listen stats
    mode http
    bind 0.0.0.0:1080 # 统计页面绑定1080端口;
    stats enable # 开启统计页面功能;
    stats hide-version # 隐藏Haproxy版本号;
    stats uri     /haproxyadmin?stats # 自定义统计页面的访问uri;
    stats realm   Haproxy\ Statistics # 统计页面密码验证时的提示信息;
    stats auth    admin:admin # 为统计页面开启登录验证功能;
    stats admin if TRUE # 若登录用户验证通过,则赋予管理功能;
frontend http-in
    bind *:80
    mode http
    log global
    option httpclose
    option logasap
    option dontlognull
    capture request  header Host len 20
    capture request  header Referer len 60
    acl url_static       path_beg       -i /static /p_w_picpaths /javascript /stylesheets
    acl url_static       path_end       -i .jpg.jpeg .gif .png .css .js .html
    use_backend static_servers if url_static # 符合ACL规则的,请求转入后端静态服务器
    default_backend dynamic_servers # 默认请求转入后端动态服务器
backend static_servers
    balance roundrobin
    server imgsrv1 192.168.0.25:80 check maxconn 6000 # 静态服务器,可配置多台,还可设置权重weight;
backend dynamic_servers
    balance source # 对于动态请求利用source调度算法,可一定程度上实现session保持;但最好利用cookie绑定的方式实现session保持
    server websrv1 192.168.0.35:80 check maxconn 1000 # 动态服务器,可配置多台,还可设置权重weight;

两个节点执行启动服务,命令如下:

$ service haproxy start

5、Nginx部署

yum -y groupinstall “Development tools”
yum -y groupinstall “Server Platform Development”
yum install gcc openssl-devel pcre-devel zlib-devel
groupadd -r nginx
useradd -r -g nginx -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx
tar xf nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.4.7
mkdir -pv /var/tmp/nginx
./configure \
  --prefix=/usr \
  --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
  --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
  --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
  --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
  --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid  \
  --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
  --user=nginx \
  --group=nginx \
  --with-http_ssl_module \
  --with-http_flv_module \
  --with-http_stub_status_module \
  --with-http_gzip_static_module \
  --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
  --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
  --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
  --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
  --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
  --with-pcre
make && make install

配置服务脚本

$ vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf0

启动服务

$ vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf1

6、访问验证

Haproxy 统计页面测试

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Nginx实现高可用集群构建(Keepalived+Haproxy+Nginx)(nginx集群高可用方案)  Nginx 高可用集群 高可用 第4张

动静分离测试

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Nginx实现高可用集群构建(Keepalived+Haproxy+Nginx)(nginx集群高可用方案)  Nginx 高可用集群 高可用 第6张

高可用测试

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到此 Nginx高可用集群构建(Keepalived+Haproxy+Nginx)介绍完成。

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